Amazing Places : KILIMUTU

Kelimutu 

 

is a volcano, close to the small town of Moni in central Flores island in Indonesia. The volcano is around 50km to the east of Ende, Indonesia, the capital of Ende regency in East Nusa Tenggaraprovince.

GEOLOGICAL DETAILS

The volcano contains three striking summit crater lakes of varying colors. Tiwu Ata Bupu (Lake of Old People) is usually blue and is the westernmost of the three lakes. The other two lakes, Tiwu Ko'o Fai Nuwa Muri (Lake of Young Men and Maidens) and Tiwu Ata Polo (Bewitched or Enchanted Lake) are separated by a shared crater wall and are typically green or red respectively. The lake colors vary on a periodic basis. Subaqueous fumarolesare the probable cause of active upwelling that occurs at the two eastern lakes.

The lakes have been a source of minor phreatic eruptions in historical time. The summit of the compound 1639-m-high Kelimutu volcano is elongated two km in a WNW-ESE direction; the older cones of Kelido and Kelibara are located respectively three km to the north and two km to the south. The scenic lakes are a popular tourist destination.

Kelimutu is also of interest to geologists because the three lakes have different colors yet are at the crest of the same volcano.According to the local officer at Kelimutu National Park, the colour changes as a result of chemical reactions resulting from the minerals contained in the lake perhaps triggered by volcano gas activity.Kawah Putih lake in West Java, south of Bandung, is another crater lake in Indonesia with some similarities to the lakes at Kelimutu.

TOURISM

In the early days of developing the local national park in the Kelimutu area, there were some disputes with local communities over the use of the resources. More recently, forest rangers have worked to develop better relations with nearby village communities and overall management has improved.

Kelimutu is one of the mountains listed as a ribu in Indonesia which are mountains in Indonesia which are more than 1,000 meters high.

The area is said to have begun to attract attention after being noticed by a regional Dutch military commander, B. van Suchtelen in 1915 and became more well-known after Y. Bouman wrote about the site in 1929.

The closest airports are Maumere, and Ende. There are regular flights to Ende from Bali. The drive from Ende to Moni, the town at the base of Kelimutu where accommodation is available, takes about 3 hours.

Inspiring Person : Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. Lincoln led the United States through its Civil War—its bloodiest war and its greatest moral, constitutional and political crisis.In so doing he preserved the Union, abolished slavery, strengthened the federal government, and modernized the economy.

Reared in a poor family on the western frontier, Lincoln was a self-educated lawyer in Illinois, a Whig Party leader,state legislator during the 1830s, and a one-term member of the Congress during the 1840s. He promoted rapid modernization of the economy through banks, canals, railroads and tariffs to encourage the building of factories; he opposed the war with Mexico in 1846. After a series of highly publicized debates in 1858 during which he opposed the expansion of slavery, Lincoln lost the U.S. Senate race to his archrival, Democrat Stephen A. Douglas.  Lincoln, a moderate from a swing state, secured the Republican Party presidential nomination in 1860. With almost no support in the South, Lincoln swept the North and was elected president in 1860. His election prompted seven southern slave states to form the Confederacy. No compromise or reconciliation was found regarding slavery.

When the North enthusiastically rallied behind the national flag after the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, Lincoln concentrated on the military and political dimensions of the war effort. His goal was to reunite the nation. He suspended habeas corpus, arresting and temporarily detaining thousands of suspected secessionists in the border states without trial. Lincoln averted British intervention by defusing the Trent affair in late 1861. His numerous complex moves toward ending slavery centered on the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863, using the Army to protect escaped slaves, encouraging the border states to outlaw slavery, and helping push through Congress the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which permanently outlawed slavery. Lincoln closely supervised the war effort, especially the selection of top generals, including commanding general Ulysses S. Grant. He made the major decisions on Union war strategy, Lincoln's Navy set up a naval blockade that shut down the South's normal trade, helped take control of Kentucky and Tennessee, and gained control of the Southern river system using gunboats. He tried repeatedly to capture the Confederate capital atRichmond. Each time a general failed, Lincoln substituted another until finally Grant succeeded in 1865.

An exceptionally astute politician deeply involved with power issues in each state, Lincoln reached out to "War Democrats" (who supported the North against the South), and managed his own re-election in the 1864 presidential election. As the leader of the moderate faction of the Republican party, Lincoln confronted Radical Republicans who demanded harsher treatment of the South, War Democrats who called for more compromise, Copperheads who despised him, and irreconcilable secessionists who plotted his death. Politically, Lincoln fought back with patronage, by pitting his opponents against each other, and by appealing to the American people with his powers of oratory.His Gettysburg Address of 1863 became an iconic statement of America's dedication to the principles of nationalism, republicanism, equal rights, liberty, and democracy. Lincoln held a moderate view ofReconstruction, seeking to reunite the nation speedily through a policy of generous reconciliation in the face of lingering and bitter divisiveness. Six days after the surrender of Confederate commanding general Robert E. Lee, Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a noted actor and Confederate sympathizer.

Lincoln has been consistently ranked both by scholars and the public as one of the greatest U.S. presidents.

Sun Dog

Sun dogs are an atmospheric phenomenon caused by the refraction of sunlight through ice crystals such as those hosted in cirrus clouds. A number of specific conditions must prevail for this phenomenon to form. Many observers miss them because they form close to the sun, requiring the viewer to look almost directly into the sun to see them. However, when conditions are right, sun dogs can be clearly viewed, and are quite striking, looking like smaller false suns next to the real sun.

In order for sun dogs to form, the sun must be in the sky, usually less than 45 degrees from the horizon, and in the same horizontal plane as the viewer. Small hexagonal ice crystals must also be in roughly the same plane, and be oriented parallel to the ground. If all of the ice crystals are relatively flat, sun dogs will form approximately 22 degrees away from the sun. Usually, they come in pairs, one on either side of the sun, and they are sometimes accompanied by a halo, caused by the refraction of sunlight through ice crystals oriented in multiple directions.

Parhelion is the other name for a sun dog, a reference to the fact they are found next to, or parathe sun, helios. This phenomenon has been observed and written about for centuries, and sometimes was viewed as an evil omen during certain periods of history. In other instances, sun dogs were considered to be augurs of good luck for the observer. Several pieces of classical art depict what appear to be sun dogs, suggesting that they were a recognized phenomenon. On rare occasions, they are quite vivid and brilliant, making it seem like there are multiple suns in the sky.

Colder regions are excellent places to observe sun dogs, although many temperate winters form enough ice crystals to create them. Patient observers can also spot moon dogs when the moon is bright, although they can be very difficult to photograph well without an excellent camera and a tripod. In both cases, look slightly to the left or right of the major light emitting body in the sky for smaller, bright objects that often have long tails facing away from the true moon or sun. Putting your fist in front of the moon or sun will help you protect your eyes and spot these interesting phenomena, and if you live in a cold region, you may see them quite frequently.

 To see the video please go to: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bftK8v_LVD0

The Opening of Dewa Athena

On 15th February 2014, a big and fun event was held on Lapangan Bali. It was a 1-month sports event which participants was #32015 and #32016. Unfortunately, #32014 couldn't join us because they had to study and prepare for the national exam.

The Event was opened last Saturday. It started around 8 o'clock in the morning. Too bad I couldn't come early because nobody could take me there. I was a bit disappointed. My friend said that the opening started with the battle between two ladies soccer team. It was the #32015 ladies vs #32016 ladies. It was really fun they said. To watch ladies played soccer it was like a comedy or something because they tried really hard no to get the ball. And they were screaming all the time. I bet it was really fun to watch. In the end, my generation lost. It was a good game.

I came to Lapangan Bali around 9 AM. The first game I watched was X IPA 2 versus an eleventh grade which I forgot. I saw my friend fought so hard but I didn't know the result. I went to eat when they finished playing. It was too bad.

Then I saw my schedule. My class would play in around 3 o'clock. i was shocked and sad at the same time. I couldn't play because I had to go somewhere else. I already promised somebody that I would come. I was really sad. So I waited and watched other classes played other games. Until finally it was already 2 o'clock. I had to go. 

So, I didn't participate in my soccer game which our class lost. Our basketball schedule was right after the game. Luckily, we won this time. I was very happy. I really hope that I could participate and win next time.

ANNOUNCEMENT

To:
All students of SMAN 3 Bandung
In order to make a clean and comfortable area, we are making a community service around SMAN 3 next friday.
Each person have to bring your own cleaning equipment such as broom, mop, etc.
Your participation very beneficial for everyone.
Thank you for your attention

Bandung, 23rd January 2014

Muhamad Faza Soelaeman

Moral Value

From my story, we can conclude that power is not everything. We cannot rush anything and we have to be thorough in our way. Even the slighest problem can be the way of our failure in our successfull life.

My Holiday

New Year in Lembang 

When you read the title, you may assume that I had one wonderful night in osmewehere in Lembang, like maybe in a villa or something. Yes, I had a great and memorable time, but I wasn't really having fun. I was having the 'Pendidikan Dasar' Jamadagni XXXVIII. 

I spent my new year in Situ Lembang, Sukawarna, Lembang. It is a big camping site. I spent 7 days there starting from 27th Desember to 2nd January 2014. 

1st Day

On the first day, the students gathered in SMAN 3 Bandung. We checked our equipments and had a leaving ceremony with our parents. Then we travelled to Punclut and started to walk. It was a very tiring experience but worth trying. My map reading skills growth. We walked through Lembang to somewhere on the hill of Tangkuban Perahu. Then we camped there.

2nd Day

We began walking again. This time it was far more tiring because we had less water to consume. Somewhere in our route, we found a little flowing water. It was like heaven. Now we know how people who suffer from water-dehydration felt like. We appreciate water more than ever. 

3rd Day

It was the closed navigation day. First, we predicted where we were and how to get to our location. It was really hard because we had to take a perfect alligment line from where we started. Eventually, we got lost, but our mentor guided us. We reached a lake which is the Situ Lembang. It was really beautiful. We had lunch with a lake-site view. Than, it was time for the water-crossing. It was really hard but I could reach the finish point even though my mentor had to pull me.

4th Day

'Wake up! Wake up! Wake up!' It was the very thing that I remembered clearly from this day. It was a disaster-simulation day. We had to hurry to get to the safe place. I led my friends because I was the student commander that day. When we reached the site, our mentor gave us time to sleep, I was so happy. That day also was the survival day. We were thought how to built a natural biovach, trap, and how to get natural food. I really enjoyed the 4th day.

5th Day

We did a SAR operation. It was really hard. Unfortunately we failed. We were disappointed. Then, we were told to build a litter. We built it from natural materials. We succecceded but when my team lifted our the victem, it was really hard, of course. She was heavy. we dropped her and we got punishment from our senior because it was not a right thing to do.

6th Day

Day by day I got more and more tired. Today is New Year. When others celebrate happiness with friends and families, I also did it. We walked back to home. When we reached the city, I thought it was finally going to be over. I can meet my family and friend. But the truth is it wasn't finished yet. We still walked back up to the mountain. I was really disappayointed. We walked so far that I even slept when I walked. Finally we reached one place and sleep for a moment

7th Day

Last day, finally. I woke up and do the basic routine as usual. Than, our senior told us to crawl in the mud. It was really though to do, but I forced myself to did it. When we were told to gather in a field, i thought it was going to be over, but the senior told us that we eould walk again. He told us to turn over check our cleanness. When we turned around, the closing ceremony started. I began crying because I was happy to see my parents there. Then the blue scarf was put on my neck. It was the best day of my life, I was so happy. I went home and were very proud of myself

FINISH